Autonomous vehicles, also known as self-driving cars, are vehicles that can navigate and operate without human input. They use various sensors, cameras, and algorithms to perceive their environment, make decisions, and control their movement. In this lesson, you will learn about the key features and components of autonomous vehicles.

Autonomous vehicles rely on various sensors and cameras to perceive their environment and make decisions. Let's explore some common sensors and cameras used in self-driving cars:

1. LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging): LIDAR sensors emit laser light to measure distances and create a 3D map of the car's surroundings. This helps the car understand its position relative to other objects and navigate safely.
2. Ultrasonic sensors: These sensors use sound waves to detect objects and measure distances. They are often used for parking assistance and detecting obstacles close to the vehicle.
3. Cameras: Cameras capture visual information, which is then processed by the car's onboard computer to identify objects, lanes, and traffic signals. They help the car recognize and respond to its environment, such as stopping at a red light or following the speed limit.

These sensors and cameras work together to provide the autonomous vehicle with a comprehensive understanding of its surroundings, enabling it to make informed decisions and drive safely.

Autonomous vehicles rely on advanced algorithms and machine learning to process the data collected by their sensors and cameras. These algorithms help the car make decisions about its movement, such as when to accelerate, brake, or change lanes. Some self-driving cars also use machine learning to improve their decision-making and adapt to new situations over time.

Once an autonomous vehicle has processed its environment and made a decision, it must control its movement. This is done through various control systems, such as the throttle, brakes, and steering. These systems are controlled by the car's onboard computer, which sends commands to actuators that control the vehicle's movement.

Many autonomous vehicles are designed to communicate with other vehicles and infrastructure, such as traffic lights and road signs. This communication can help improve safety and efficiency by allowing cars to share information about their location, speed, and direction. Some self-driving cars also use connectivity to receive updates and improvements to their algorithms and software.