Have you ever wondered what makes a country special? Think about tall towers, ancient castles, or amazing cliffs by the sea. These are landmarks, and every country has a main city called a capital city too.

In this lesson, you will:

• Find out what landmarks and capital cities are.
• Learn about Ireland's capital, Dublin, and its famous landmarks like the Cliffs of Moher.
• Discover capital cities and landmarks from other countries, such as Paris and the Eiffel Tower.
• Play guessing games and complete worksheets to match them.

Every country has important places called landmarks and a main city called a capital city. These help people learn about a country and find it on a map.

What is a landmark?
A landmark is a special place that is easy to recognise. It can be natural, like a mountain or cliff, or built by people, like a castle or famous building. Landmarks help tell the story of a country’s history and culture.

• Natural landmarks
  These are created by nature, such as mountains, rivers, or cliffs.
• Man-made landmarks
  These are built by people, such as castles, towers, or monuments.

What is a capital city?
A capital city is the most important city in a country. It is often where the government works and where many people live and visit. Capital cities are usually home to famous landmarks too.

Capital city of Ireland

Ireland’s capital city is Dublin. Dublin is the largest city in Ireland and is home to important buildings, museums, and cultural sites. People from all over Ireland and the world visit Dublin to learn about Irish history and culture.

• Famous Irish landmarks
  Ireland has many famous landmarks, such as the Cliffs of Moher, the Giant’s Causeway, and Dublin Castle. These places are important symbols of Ireland.
• Landmarks and Irish culture
  Irish landmarks help us learn about the past, including ancient castles, historic cities, and natural wonders. Many of these places are also connected to Irish stories, traditions, and language.

Countries in Europe and around the world all have their own capital cities and famous landmarks. These places help people learn about different cultures, languages, and histories.

Capital cities in Europe
Many European countries have capital cities that are hundreds or even thousands of years old. These cities are full of important buildings, museums, and landmarks.

• France: Paris is the capital city and is home to the Eiffel Tower
• Spain: Madrid is the capital city and is known for its historic buildings
• Italy: Rome is the capital city and has ancient landmarks like the Colosseum

Landmarks around the world
Every country has landmarks that are special to its people. These landmarks help show what makes each country unique.

• England: Big Ben in London is a famous clock tower
• France: The Eiffel Tower is one of the most recognised landmarks in the world
• Egypt: The pyramids are ancient landmarks built thousands of years ago