Intermediate
60 mins
Teacher/Student led
+90 XP
Pupils work on their own device

Arithmetic Operators and Formula Construction

In this lesson, learn to combine multiple arithmetic operations in spreadsheet formulas using BODMAS precedence rules. Discover how parentheses control calculation order. Practice building multi-operator formulas that answer questions from your own project.

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    1 - Introduction ~5 mins

    Today you will

    • use +, -, *, / and ^ in one formula
    • use brackets to choose the order
    • build a formula that answers a real question about your project

    Warm-up

    Illustration for IntroductionDon't use a calculator. Does {{code:=10+5*2}} give 30 or 20? Keep your answer in your head, because you will check it soon.

    2 - Key Concepts ~5 mins

    The operators are the maths symbols: {{code:+}} add, {{code:-}} subtract, {{code:*}} multiply, {{code:/}} divide and {{code:^}} power.

    BODMAS is the order the spreadsheet works in. It does brackets first, then powers, then divide and multiply, then add and subtract.

    Brackets {{code:()}} make the spreadsheet do the part inside them first.

    Example

    {{code:=10+5*2}} gives 20, because the multiplying happens first. {{code:=(10+5)*2}} gives 30.

    3 - Step-by-step Task ~18 mins

    With your partner, write a formula for P1, P2 and P3 (steps 13, 20 and 23) in your copy before you type anything. Then watch your teacher do the first formula and follow the steps below to see if you were right.

    4 - Common Issues ~3 mins

    Common snags

    • If you see the formula instead of the answer, delete the cell and type it again starting with {{code:=}}.
    • If you and your partner get different answers, check your brackets. {{code:=240-60/4}} and {{code:=(240-60)/4}} are not the same formula.
    • If you see {{code:#VALUE!}}, your formula is using a cell with words in it. Point it at number cells only.

    5 - Project Formula Pattern ~4 mins

    Your project sheet can look like this

    Your teacher will go through this example once. Then you will use the same layout with your own project numbers.

    CellWhat to type
    {{code:A1}}Question: What profit remains after materials and postage?
    {{code:A3}} / {{code:B3}}Units / 40
    {{code:A4}} / {{code:B4}}Price (euro) / 3.5
    {{code:A5}} / {{code:B5}}Materials (euro) / 45
    {{code:A6}} / {{code:B6}}Postage (euro) / 18
    {{code:A8}} / {{code:B8}}Profit (euro) / {{code:=B3*B4-(B5+B6)}}
    {{code:A9}}Note: Profit after two costs for the pin stall
    Key point

    Try changing Units from 40 to 50. The profit changes by itself.

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    This lesson is copyright of Coding Ireland 2017 - 2026. Unauthorised use, copying or distribution is not allowed.
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