Beginner
60 mins
Teacher/Student led
+80 XP

What Is a Computer?: Hardware Vs Software

In this lesson you distinguish hardware from software using school and work examples. Sort items into categories, compare device types for real tasks, name computer parts in plain language, and describe your own device with one upgrade for your Something Real project.

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    1 - Introduction ~5 mins

    Welcome

    HardwareSoftware
    Physical parts you can touch, or that sit inside the machine (keyboard, screen, drive)Programs and instructions you only see on screen (browser, word processor, operating system)

    Last time you picked your Something Real project and set up your Project Portfolio. Today you look at the machine in front of you: what you can touch, what you only see on screen, and which device types suit different kinds of school and work tasks. The full hardware-versus-software diagram appears in Key concepts next.

    By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

    • Distinguish hardware from software with everyday school and work examples
    • Choose a suitable device type for a common school or work task and say why
    • Name the main physical parts of a computer in plain language
    • Describe the hardware you are using and one upgrade that would support your Something Real project

    Before you start

    You should already have a Project Portfolio folder and {{code:01_project_brief}} from the kickoff lesson. If you do not, take two minutes now: create a Project Portfolio folder in your cloud storage with a classmate or your teacher, then rejoin the warm-up.

    Warm-up

    Look at the device you are using right now. Without naming the brand, jot two short lists (mini whiteboard, scrap page, or sticky):

    • three things you could physically point at or touch
    • three things that only appear on the screen

    Keep those lists handy; you will sort similar items in a few minutes.

    2 - Key Concepts ~5 mins

    Tip

    Listen and glance while your teacher highlights the two rows the sort needs. The rest of the table is reference for your My Machine page later — you do not need to study every cell before the activity.

    Diagram: hardware you can touch or that sits inside the machine versus software that only exists as instructions on screen.

    ConceptWhy it mattersExample
    Hardware — the physical parts of a computer you can touch, move, unplug, or that sit inside the caseWhen something breaks or feels slow, you need to know whether the problem is a part or a programA school Chromebook keyboard, a USB stick, or the monitor on a Centra till
    Software — the programs and instructions that tell the hardware what to doYou create nearly all course work inside software; knowing what it is helps you choose the right toolYour word processor, a web browser, the operating system that starts when you switch on
    Device types — laptop, desktop, tablet and smartphone each trade power, screen size and portabilityYou will use this row on your My Machine page when you compare devices for a real taskA desktop suits long proposal writing; a phone is fine for a quick photo of a placement workspace
    Main physical parts — screen, keyboard/input, storage (and inside: processor and memory)Naming the parts you can see helps you describe your machine clearly on the My Machine pageScreen and keyboard you can point at; storage keeps files after you switch off

    Device strengths at a glance

    Glance now; you will pick from these when you write your compare sentence.

    • Laptop: portable and good for most school writing and spreadsheets
    • Desktop: larger screen and often more power; less easy to carry
    • Tablet: light for reading and light editing; fiddly for long typed documents
    • Smartphone: always with you for photos, messages and quick checks; weak for multi-page reports or detailed budgets

    3 - Hardware or Software? ~14 mins

    Sort each card into Hardware or Software. First talk the placements through as a class, then drag the cards and check.

    How this runs

    1. Talk it through. For each card, say which bucket it belongs in and why. Disagree out loud; change your mind if someone has a better reason.
    2. Confirm. Drag every card into a bucket. Wrong drops bounce back. When every card is placed, use Check to confirm the sort.
    Key point

    Be ready to justify one placement in a sentence: "I put X in hardware because…"

    Watch out

    Two cards that often fool people: the operating system is software (instructions that start first — you cannot pick it up). Spreadsheet formulas are software too (instructions inside an app), even though the laptop itself is hardware.

    Hardware or software?

    4 - Common Issues ~5 mins

    Common Issues

    IssueSolution
    I am not sure if the operating system is hardware or softwareThe operating system is software. It is the set of instructions that starts first and runs the machine. You cannot pick it up like a keyboard.
    I mixed up storage (the drive) with "saving a file"The drive or chip that holds files is hardware. The act of saving, and the apps you save into, are software doing work on that hardware.
    I do not know my screen size, OS or storageChromebook: try {{menu:Settings -> About Chrome OS}}, or look at the login screen / bottom-right status area. Windows: try {{menu:Settings -> System -> About}}. Mac: try {{menu:Apple menu -> About This Mac}}. If Settings is locked on a school device, write a class-default line such as "School Chromebook, Chrome OS, files mostly in Google Drive" — that level of detail is enough.
    A card could be both (for example a phone)For this sort, put the physical object (phone, printer, keyboard) in hardware. Put the apps and systems running on it in software. A full device is hardware that runs software.

    Sentence starters for your My Machine page

    • Device type: School Chromebook (laptop-style) / Windows laptop / …
    • Upgrade for my Something Real: I would add … because …

    Quick class vote (then write your own): After the quick class vote on best device for a 4-page Work Experience report versus a photo of a placement workspace versus checking a shared club list, you will write your own compare sentence on {{code:01_my_machine}}.

    5 - Portfolio Build ~20 mins

    Portfolio setup (not a Key Assignment). This page is foundation for later lessons so you and your teacher always know what kit you are on. It is not banked as Key Assignment evidence.

    Aoife's sample (café Work Experience report)

    Save name (copy exactly):

    {{code:01_my_machine}}

    • Device type: School Chromebook (laptop-style)
    • Screen: about 11-inch built-in screen
    • Keyboard: built-in keyboard and trackpad
    • Operating system: Chrome OS
    • Storage: mainly Google Drive (cloud); small local storage on the device
    • For my Something Real task: writing a 4-page Work Experience report, a laptop would beat a phone because long typing and editing need a real keyboard and a wider screen.
    • Upgrade for my Something Real: If I were setting up a workspace for my Work Experience report, I would buy an external mouse so long editing sessions are kinder on my wrist.

    Create the file

    Open your Project Portfolio folder in cloud storage, then start a blank document there so it lands in the right place automatically.

    If your teacher already opened Drive or OneDrive on your machine, stay in that window and open the Project Portfolio folder from there.

    • Google Workspace: Go to {{code:drive.google.com}}, open your Project Portfolio folder, then start a blank document from there. Change the title at the top to exactly {{code:01_my_machine}} (no extra words, no file extension).
    • Microsoft 365: Go to {{code:onedrive.com}}, open your Project Portfolio folder, then start a blank document from there. Name it exactly {{code:01_my_machine}} (it saves inside that folder).

    Your teacher will look for the exact name {{code:01_my_machine}} inside your Project Portfolio folder.

    Headings to paste into the page

    • Device type:
    • Screen:
    • Keyboard:
    • Operating system:
    • Storage:
    • For my Something Real task:
    • Upgrade for my Something Real:

    Don't stress about perfect specs — approximate screen size and where your files live is fine. The upgrade sentence is the part to make personal.

    Portfolio task

    Your goal: Capture a clear snapshot of the machine you will use for this course, one device comparison for a real task, and one realistic upgrade that would help your Something Real project, so later lessons always know what kit you are working on.
    Time: ~20 minutes — your teacher will call the room back for reflection
    Task:
    1. Create and name the file {{code:01_my_machine}} inside your Project Portfolio folder using the Create the file steps above.
    2. Paste the headings and fill the five spec lines for the machine you are on today: device type, screen, keyboard or input, operating system, and where your files mainly live.
    3. Write one compare sentence under For my Something Real task (which device type would beat another for a job you actually have, and why), using the class vote as a model.
    4. Write one upgrade sentence that names what you would buy or add and why it helps your Something Real project.
    5. If Settings is locked or nothing useful shows, copy Aoife's level of detail or use the class-default line on the board — that is enough. Ask your teacher if you are stuck for more than a minute.
    Success criteria:
    • {{code:01_my_machine}} is saved inside your Project Portfolio folder with that exact name
    • The page names your device type, screen, keyboard or input, operating system, and where your files mainly live
    • One compare sentence picks a device type for a real Something Real or school/work task and says why it beats another type
    • The upgrade sentence is specific to your Something Real project (not a generic "faster computer")
    • Someone else could read the page and picture your setup without asking you
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