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60 mins
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Who Pays, and Who Decides?

Read a county council income table and build a bar chart of its money sources. Discuss who decides on the budget and who has no say. Share out a fixed sum and name who gains or loses.

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    1 - Where Are We? ~5 mins

    This table shows where one county council planned to get its day-to-day money for 2026.

    The table: Clare County Council's income, 2026

    What do you notice first?

    Where does a council's money come from, and who decides how it is spent?

    2 - Read and Learn ~8 mins

    Let's find out what a county council is, and what a budget is for.

    3 - Build the Income Chart ~15 mins

    The same Clare figures are in the table on the board. The chart is empty.

    The table: Clare County Council's income, 2026

    The short labels on the chart match the table like this:

    • Grants means government grants.
    • Charges means goods and services (rents, parking, fees).
    • Business rates means commercial rates from businesses.
    • Property tax means local property tax on homes.

    Which bar is tallest?

    About how much is planned from commercial rates and local property tax together?

    What does the tallest bar tell us about where most of this money is planned to come from?

    Clare County Council income, 2026

    4 - Write It in Your Copy ~3 mins

    COPYBOOK MOMENT

    In your copy, finish these two lines in your own words:

    Most of this council's day-to-day money is planned to come from ...

    I know because the chart and table show ...

    5 - Who Has a Say? ~10 mins

    The chart and table show where the money is planned to come from. Now look at who decides how it is spent.

    Elected councillors vote on the budget each November.

    Who has a clear say when the yearly budget is agreed?

    Who has little or no say, even though they use the roads, the library or the park?

    6 - What We Learned ~5 mins

    a simple yearly planner open on a desk with coins stacked beside it
    budget a plan for money coming in and going out
    an open hand passing a small bag of coins toward a public building
    grant money given for a particular job
    a small shop with a front awning on a quiet street
    rates a yearly charge a business pays to the council
    an ordinary two-storey house with a front garden path
    property tax a yearly tax on the value of a home
    a person standing to speak in a bright meeting room with empty chairs
    councillor a person elected to help run the local council

    In Clare's 2026 day-to-day budget, most money was planned to come from government grants. Councillors vote on that budget; many people who use the services have no direct say on the figures.

    If you could ask our own councillors one question about money for services near our school, what would you ask?

    Pupil practice · Activity Sheet
    Module 1 · Who Runs Our Place, and for Whom?
    Lesson 1 · Who Pays, and Who Decides?
    Download Activity Sheet (PDF)
    End of lesson
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    This lesson is copyright of Coding Ireland 2017 - 2026. Unauthorised use, copying or distribution is not allowed.
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